Advances in areas such as information and communication technologies, automation and artificial intelligence have fuelled major technological revolutions in the field of transport such as the invention of electric vehicles, autonomous cars, connected vehicles, unmanned air and sea vehicles, etc. The transport of goods and people is at the heart of all activities and influences all other aspects, including the economy, tourism, healthcare, etc. Much progress has been made in this field, leading to the emergence of the concept of intelligent mobility. In this thesis we focus on the technological aspects of this concept. We propose a broader vision of intelligent mobility, in line with recent technological advances, while specifying three areas of mobility: land, air and sea. We then focus on the terrestrial domain, more precisely, the routing protocols in the Internet of Vehicles. IoV results from the integration of ad hoc networks of vehicles with an Internet connection. VANET is a terrestrial networking paradigm where vehicles are equipped with on-board units that allow them to communicate with their environment (vehicles, roadside units, human and sensor) in order to exchange information relating to
security, comfort or entertainment applications. These networks are characterised by distinctive properties, mainly high speeds, dynamic topology changes and variable network density, which pose data routing problems. In the vehicular environment, three categories of network scenario have to be distinguished: infrastructure, no infrastructure and intermittent infrastructure. In this work, we seek to enable vehicles to reach the infrastructure in a timely manner in the third scenario. To this end, we propose ILST (Infrastructure Localization Service and Tracking scheme) which extracts useful information from the periodic exchange of messages in order to locate the infrastructure and follow the available paths to it. Subsequently, we propose a routing protocol based on a decision-making mechanism, HyRSIC (Hybrid Routing for Safety Data with Intermittent V2I Connectivity), which allows vehicles to make the optimal choice when transmitting data.